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Thursday, December 1, 2011

Designing dams


Dam is a water reservoir which is constructed across a river. It can be used for irrigation and power production. Water can be stored during the days of excess rainfall and can be released during other days to achieve continuous hydro power generation and irrigation. Dams are also effective in the protection from flood. Dams also serve some other purposes like navigation, fishing and recreation. Dams are also effective in improving climatic conditions and lowering river pollution. But dams can also harm in many ways. It may lead to the submergence of fertile lands, migration of population and disturbance in wildlife. The different requirements while choosing the dam site are there should be good runoff from the catchment area with minimum percolation losses, soil should be free from harmful soluble salts and minerals, runoff should be free from excessive slit load, there should be high and steep side hills, rock and soil erosion should be minimum, rock formation should have dip in the upstream direction, submergence of forest and cultivated lands should be minimum, site should be away from seismic zone and there should not be any vegetation and marshy land.

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