The major faults that can happen in a generator are overloading, winding faults such as stator winding insulation failure, rotor winding insulation failure, field winding failure, unbalanced loading, overvoltage, overspeeding, overheating, prime mover failure, loss of synchronism and underfrequency. The various protective schemes employed are differential protection, inter-turn fault protection, stator earth fault protection, rotor earth fault protection, pole slipping protection, overload protection, overvoltage protection, over current earth fault protection, underfrequency protection, negative phase sequence protection, field failure protection, reverse power protection and back-up impedance protection. There are three classes of protection schemes for synchronous generators. They are class A, class B and class C schemes.
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