Mainly there are two faults that can occur in transformers. They are internal faults and external faults. Internal faults are of three types. They are incipient faults, winding faults and terminal faults. The main incipient faults are fault due to the breakdown of core lamination, breakdown of bolts and clamps, earthing fault, coolant failure, oil flow fault etc. Terminal faults are associated with high voltage or low voltage terminals and winding faults are associated with windings. External faults include the appearance of overcurrent for short duration, short circuit outside the transformer and overloading. Different methods employed for the protection of transformers are electromagnetic protection, differential protection, percentage biased differential protection, tank leakage protection, restricted earth fault protection and digital protection.
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